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International trademark classification, and the headings of the international trademark classes, are established by the Committee of Experts of the Nice Union and set forth in the International Classification of Goods and Services for the Purposes of the Registration of Marks (Nice Classification), published by the World Intellectual Property Organization (“WIPO”). The general remarks, class numbers, class headings, and explanatory notes for each international trademark class are as follows.
The International Classification is available on the WIPO website. However, because the international list was developed to classify goods and services and not to identify specific goods and services, most terms will not be sufficiently definite to use in an identification of goods and/or services. On January 1, 2018, the Nice Classification, Eleventh Edition, version 2018 (NCL 11-2018), became effective. To see a comprehensive list of all the new or changed U.S. ID Manual terms, on or after January 1, 2018, please conduct an advanced search in the Next Generation ID Manual using the exact date (“=” sign in the “Effective Date” dropdown menu) of January 1, 2018.
The indications of goods or services appearing in the class headings are general indications relating to the fields to which, in principle, the goods or services belong. The Alphabetical List should therefore be consulted in order to ascertain the exact classification of each individual product or service.
If a product cannot be classified with the aid of the List of Classes, the Explanatory Notes and the Alphabetical List, the following remarks set forth the criteria to be applied:
(a) A finished product is in principle classified according to its function or purpose. If the function or purpose of a finished product is not mentioned in any class heading, the finished product is classified by analogy with other comparable finished products, indicated in the Alphabetical List. If none is found, other subsidiary criteria, such as that of the material of which the product is made or its mode of operation, are applied.
(b) A finished product which is a multipurpose composite object (e.g., clocks incorporating radios) may be classified in all classes that correspond to any of its functions or intended purposes. If those functions or purposes are not mentioned in any class heading, other criteria, indicated under (a), above, are to be applied.
(c) Raw materials, unworked or semi-worked, are in principle classified according to the material of which they consist.
(d) Goods intended to form part of another product are in principle classified in the same class as that product only in cases where the same type of goods cannot normally be used for another purpose. In all other cases, the criterion indicated under (a), above, applies.
(e) When a product, whether finished or not, is classified according to the material of which it is made, and it is made of different materials, the product is in principle classified according to the material which predominates.
(f) Cases adapted to the product they are intended to contain are in principle classified in the same class as the product.
If a service cannot be classified with the aid of the List of Classes, the Explanatory Notes and the Alphabetical List, the following remarks set forth the criteria to be applied:
(a) Services are in principle classified according to the branches of activities specified in the headings of the service classes and in their Explanatory Notes or, if not specified, by analogy with other comparable services indicated in the Alphabetical List.
(b) Rental services are in principle classified in the same classes as the services provided by means of the rented objects (e.g., Rental of telephones, covered by Cl. 38). Leasing services are analogous to rental services and therefore should be classified in the same way. However, hire- or lease-purchase financing is classified in Cl. 36 as a financial service.
(c) Services that provide advice, information or consultation are in principle classified in the same classes as the services that correspond to the subject matter of the advice, information or consultation, e.g., transportation consultancy (Cl. 39), business management consultancy (Cl. 35), financial consultancy (Cl. 36), beauty consultancy (Cl. 44). The rendering of the advice, information or consultancy by electronic means (e.g., telephone, computer) does not affect the classification of these services.
(d) Services rendered in the framework of franchising are in principle classified in the same class as the particular services provided by the franchisor (e.g., business advice relating to franchising (Cl. 35), financing services relating to franchising (Cl. 36), legal services relating to franchising (Cl. 45)).
Chemicals for use in industry, science and photography, as well as in agriculture, horticulture and forestry; unprocessed artificial resins, unprocessed plastics; fire extinguishing and fire prevention compositions; tempering and soldering preparations; substances for tanning animal skins and hides; adhesives for use in industry; putties and other paste fillers; compost, manures, fertilizers; biological preparations for use in industry and science.
Class 1 includes mainly chemical products for use in industry, science and agriculture, including those which go to the making of products belonging to other classes.
This Class includes, in particular:
This Class does not include, in particular:
Paints, varnishes, lacquers; preservatives against rust and against deterioration of wood; dyes; inks for printing, marking and engraving; raw natural resins; metals in foil and powder form for use in painting, decorating, printing and art.
Class 2 includes mainly paints, colorants and preparations used for protection against corrosion.
This Class includes, in particular:
This Class does not include, in particular:
Non-medicated cosmetics and toiletry preparations; non-medicated dentifrices; perfumery, essential oils; bleaching preparations and other substances for laundry use; cleaning, polishing, scouring and abrasive preparations.
Class 3 includes mainly non-medicated toiletry preparations, as well as cleaning preparations for use in the home and other environments.
This Class includes, in particular:
This Class does not include, in particular:
Industrial oils and greases, wax; lubricants; dust absorbing, wetting and binding compositions; fuels and illuminants; candles and wicks for lighting.
Class 4 includes mainly industrial oils and greases, fuels and illuminants.
This Class includes, in particular:
This Class does not include, in particular:
Pharmaceuticals, medical and veterinary preparations; sanitary preparations for medical purposes; dietetic food and substances adapted for medical or veterinary use, food for babies; dietary supplements for humans and animals; plasters, materials for dressings; material for stopping teeth, dental wax; disinfectants; preparations for destroying vermin; fungicides, herbicides.
Class 5 includes mainly pharmaceuticals and other preparations for medical or veterinary purposes.
This Class includes, in particular:
This Class does not include, in particular:
Common metals and their alloys, ores; metal materials for building and construction; transportable buildings of metal; non-electric cables and wires of common metal; small items of metal hardware; metal containers for storage or transport; safes.
Class 6 includes mainly unwrought and partly wrought common metals, including ores, as well as certain goods made of common metals.
This Class includes, in particular:
This Class does not include, in particular:
Machines, machine tools, power-operated tools; motors and engines, except for land vehicles; machine coupling and transmission components, except for land vehicles; agricultural implements, other than hand-operated hand tools; incubators for eggs; automatic vending machines.
Class 7 includes mainly machines and machine tools, motors and engines.
This Class includes, in particular:
This Class does not include, in particular:
Hand tools and implements, hand-operated; cutlery; side arms, except firearms; razors.
Class 8 includes mainly hand-operated tools and implements for performing tasks, such as drilling, shaping, cutting and piercing.
This Class includes, in particular:
This Class does not include, in particular:
Scientific, nautical, surveying, photographic, cinematographic, optical, weighing, measuring, signalling, checking (supervision), life-saving and teaching apparatus and instruments; apparatus and instruments for conducting, switching, transforming, accumulating, regulating or controlling electricity; apparatus for recording, transmission or reproduction of sound or images; magnetic data carriers, recording discs; compact discs, DVDs and other digital recording media; mechanisms for coin-operated apparatus; cash registers, calculating machines, data processing equipment, computers; computer software; fire-extinguishing apparatus.
This Class includes, in particular:
This Class does not include, in particular:
(a) electromechanical apparatus for the kitchen (grinders and mixers for foodstuffs, fruit presses, electrical coffee mills, etc.), and certain other apparatus and instruments driven by an electrical motor, all coming under Class 7; (b) apparatus for pumping or dispensing fuels (Cl. 7); (c) electric razors, clippers (hand instruments) and flat irons (Cl. 8); (d) electrical apparatus for space heating or for the heating of liquids, for cooking, ventilating, etc. (Cl. 11); (e) electric toothbrushes and combs (Cl. 21);
Surgical, medical, dental and veterinary apparatus and instruments; artificial limbs, eyes and teeth; orthopaedic articles; suture materials; therapeutic and assistive devices adapted for the disabled; massage apparatus; apparatus, devices and articles for nursing infants; sexual activity apparatus, devices and articles.
Class 10 includes mainly surgical, medical, dental and veterinary apparatus, instruments and articles generally used for the diagnosis, treatment or improvement of function or condition of persons and animals.
This Class includes, in particular:
This Class does not include, in particular:
Apparatus for lighting, heating, steam generating, cooking, refrigerating, drying, ventilating, water supply and sanitary purposes.
This Class includes, in particular:
This Class does not include, in particular: steam producing apparatus (parts of machines) (Cl. 7).
Vehicles; apparatus for locomotion by land, air or water.
Class 12 includes mainly vehicles and apparatus for the transport of people or goods by land, air or water.
This Class includes, in particular:
This Class does not include, in particular:
Firearms; ammunition and projectiles; explosives; fireworks.
Class 13 includes mainly firearms and pyrotechnical products.
This Class does not include, in particular: matches (Cl. 34).
Precious metals and their alloys; jewellery, precious and semi-precious stones; horological and chronometric instruments.
Class 14 includes mainly precious metals and certain goods made of precious metals or coated therewith, as well as jewellery, clocks and watches, and component parts therefor.
This Class includes, in particular:
This Class does not include, in particular:
This Class includes, in particular:
This Class does not include, in particular: apparatus for the recording, transmission, amplification and reproduction of sound (Cl. 9).
Paper and cardboard; printed matter; bookbinding material; photographs; stationery and office requisites, except furniture; adhesives for stationery or household purposes; drawing materials and materials for artists; paintbrushes; instructional and teaching materials; plastic sheets, films and bags for wrapping and packaging; printers’ type, printing blocks.
Class 16 includes mainly paper, cardboard and certain goods made of those materials, as well as office requisites.
This Class includes, in particular:
This Class does not include, in particular:
Unprocessed and semi-processed rubber, gutta-percha, gum, asbestos, mica and substitutes for all these materials; plastics and resins in extruded form for use in manufacture; packing, stopping and insulating materials; flexible pipes, tubes and hoses, not of metal.
Class 17 includes mainly electrical, thermal and acoustic insulating materials and plastics for use in manufacture in the form of sheets, blocks and rods, as well as certain goods made of rubber, gutta-percha, gum, asbestos, mica or substitutes therefor.
This Class includes, in particular:
This Class does not include, in particular:
Leather and imitations of leather; animal skins and hides; luggage and carrying bags; umbrellas and parasols; walking sticks; whips, harness and saddlery; collars, leashes and clothing for animals.
Class 18 includes mainly leather, imitations of leather and certain goods made of those materials.
This Class includes, in particular:
This Class does not include, in particular:
Building materials (non-metallic); non-metallic rigid pipes for building; asphalt, pitch and bitumen; non-metallic transportable buildings; monuments, not of metal.
Class 19 includes mainly non-metallic building materials.
This Class includes, in particular:
This Class does not include, in particular:
Furniture, mirrors, picture frames; containers, not of metal, for storage or transport; unworked or semi-worked bone, horn, whalebone or mother-of-pearl; shells; meerschaum; yellow amber.
Class 20 includes mainly furniture and parts therefor, as well as certain goods made of wood, cork, reed, cane, wicker, horn, bone, ivory, whalebone, shell, amber, mother-of-pearl, meerschaum and substitutes for all these materials, or of plastic.
This Class includes, in particular:
This Class does not include, in particular:
Household or kitchen utensils and containers; cookware and tableware, except forks, knives and spoons; combs and sponges; brushes, except paintbrushes; brush-making materials; articles for cleaning purposes; unworked or semi-worked glass, except building glass; glassware, porcelain and earthenware.
Class 21 includes mainly small, hand-operated utensils and apparatus for household and kitchen use, as well as cosmetic and toilet utensils, glassware and certain goods made of porcelain, ceramic, earthenware, terra-cotta or glass.
This Class includes, in particular:
This Class does not include, in particular:
Ropes and string; nets; tents and tarpaulins; awnings of textile or synthetic materials; sails; sacks for the transport and storage of materials in bulk; padding, cushioning and stuffing materials, except of paper, cardboard, rubber or plastics; raw fibrous textile materials and substitutes therefor.
Class 22 includes mainly canvas and other materials for making sails, rope, padding, cushioning and stuffing materials and raw fibrous textile materials.
This Class includes, in particular:
This Class does not include, in particular:
Yarns and threads, for textile use.
Textiles and substitutes for textiles; household linen; curtains of textile or plastic.
Class 24 includes mainly fabrics and fabric covers for household use.
This Class includes, in particular:
This Class does not include, in particular:
This Class does not include, in particular: certain clothing and footwear for special use (consult the Alphabetical List of Goods).
Lace and embroidery, ribbons and braid; buttons, hooks and eyes, pins and needles; artificial flowers; hair decorations; false hair.
Class 26 includes mainly dressmakers’ articles, natural or synthetic hair for wear, and hair adornments, as well as small decorative items intended to adorn a variety of objects, not included in other classes.
This Class includes, in particular:
This Class does not include, in particular:
Carpets, rugs, mats and matting, linoleum and other materials for covering existing floors; wall hangings (non-textile).
Class 27 includes mainly products intended to be added as furnishings to previously constructed floors and walls.
This Class does not include, in particular: wooden flooring (Cl. 19).
Games, toys and playthings; video game apparatus; gymnastic and sporting articles; decorations for Christmas trees.
Class 28 includes mainly toys, apparatus for playing games, sports equipment, amusement and novelty items, as well as certain articles for Christmas trees.
This Class includes, in particular:
This Class does not include, in particular:
Meat, fish, poultry and game; meat extracts; preserved, frozen, dried and cooked fruits and vegetables; jellies, jams, compotes; eggs; milk and milk products; oils and fats for food.
Class 29 includes mainly foodstuffs of animal origin as well as vegetables and other horticultural comestible products which are prepared for consumption or conservation.
This Class includes, in particular:
This Class does not include, in particular:
Coffee, tea, cocoa and artificial coffee; rice; tapioca and sago; flour and preparations made from cereals; bread, pastries and confectionery; edible ices; sugar, honey, treacle; yeast, baking-powder; salt; mustard; vinegar, sauces (condiments); spices; ice (frozen water).
Class 30 includes mainly foodstuffs of plant origin prepared for consumption or conservation as well as auxiliaries intended for the improvement of the flavour of food.
This Class includes, in particular:
This Class does not include, in particular:
Raw and unprocessed agricultural, aquacultural, horticultural and forestry products; raw and unprocessed grains and seeds; fresh fruits and vegetables, fresh herbs; natural plants and flowers; bulbs, seedlings and seeds for planting; live animals; foodstuffs and beverages for animals; malt.
Class 31 includes mainly land and sea products not having been subjected to any form of preparation for consumption, live animals and plants, as well as foodstuffs for animals.
This Class includes, in particular:
This Class does not include, in particular:
Beers; mineral and aerated waters and other non-alcoholic beverages; fruit beverages and fruit juices; syrups and other preparations for making beverages.
Class 32 includes mainly non-alcoholic beverages, as well as beer.
This Class includes, in particular: de-alcoholised beverages.
This Class does not include, in particular:
This Class does not include, in particular:
Tobacco; smokers’ articles; matches.
This Class includes, in particular: tobacco substitutes (not for medical purposes).
This Class does not include, in particular: cigarettes without tobacco, for medical purposes (Cl. 5).
Advertising; business management; business administration; office functions.
Class 35 includes mainly services rendered by persons or organizations principally with the object of: (1) help in the working or management of a commercial undertaking, or (2) help in the management of the business affairs or commercial functions of an industrial or commercial enterprise, as well as services rendered by advertising establishments primarily undertaking communications to the public, declarations or announcements by all means of diffusion and concerning all kinds of goods or services.
This Class includes, in particular:
This Class does not include, in particular: services such as evaluations and reports of engineers which do not directly refer to the working or management of affairs in a commercial or industrial enterprise (consult the Alphabetical List of Services).
Insurance; financial affairs; monetary affairs; real estate affairs.
Class 36 includes mainly services rendered in financial and monetary affairs and services rendered in relation to insurance contracts of all kinds.
This Class includes, in particular:
(a) services of all the banking establishments, or institutions connected with them such as exchange brokers or clearing services; (b) services of credit institutions other than banks such as co-operative credit associations, individual financial companies, lenders, etc.; (c) services of “investment trusts,” of holding companies; (d) services of brokers dealing in shares and property; (e) services connected with monetary affairs vouched for by trustees; (f) services rendered in connection with the issue of travellers’ cheques and letters of credit;
Building construction; repair; installation services.
Class 37 includes mainly services rendered by contractors or subcontractors in the construction or making of permanent buildings, as well as services rendered by persons or organizations engaged in the restoration of objects to their original condition or in their preservation without altering their physical or chemical properties.
This Class includes, in particular:
This Class does not include, in particular:
Class 38 includes mainly services allowing at least one person to communicate with another by a sensory means. Such services include those which:
(1) allow one person to talk to another, (2) transmit messages from one person to another, and (3) place a person in oral or visual communication with another (radio and television).
This Class includes, in particular: services which consist essentially of the diffusion of radio or television programmes.
This Class does not include, in particular:
Transport; packaging and storage of goods; travel arrangement.
Class 39 includes mainly services for the transport of people, animals or goods from one place to another (by rail, road, water, air or pipeline) and services necessarily connected with such transport, as well as services relating to the storing of goods in a warehouse or other building for their preservation or guarding.
This Class includes, in particular:
This Class does not include, in particular:
Class 40 includes mainly services not included in other classes, rendered by the mechanical or chemical processing, transformation or production of objects or inorganic or organic substances, including custom manufacturing services. For the purposes of classification, the production or manufacturing of goods is considered a service only in cases where it is effected for the account of another person to their order and specification. If the production or manufacturing is not being performed to fulfil an order for goods which meet the customer’s particular needs, requirements, or specifications, then it is generally ancillary to the maker’s primary commercial activity or goods in trade. If the substance or object is marketed to third parties by the person who processed, transformed or produced it, then this would generally not be considered a service.
This Class includes, in particular:
This Class does not include, in particular:
Education; providing of training; entertainment; sporting and cultural activities.
Class 41 covers mainly services rendered by persons or institutions in the development of the mental faculties of persons or animals, as well as services intended to entertain or to engage the attention.
This Class includes, in particular:
Scientific and technological services and research and design relating thereto; industrial analysis and research services; design and development of computer hardware and software.
Class 42 includes mainly services provided by persons, individually or collectively, in relation to the theoretical and practical aspects of complex fields of activities; such services are provided by members of professions such as chemists, physicists, engineers, computer programmers, etc.
This Class includes, in particular:
This Class does not include, in particular:
Services for providing food and drink; temporary accommodation.
Class 43 includes mainly services provided by persons or establishments whose aim is to prepare food and drink for consumption and services provided to obtain bed and board in hotels, boarding houses or other establishments providing temporary accommodation.
This Class includes, in particular:
This Class does not include, in particular:
Medical services; veterinary services; hygienic and beauty care for human beings or animals; agriculture, horticulture and forestry services.
Class 44 includes mainly medical care, hygienic and beauty care given by persons or establishments to human beings and animals; it also includes services relating to the fields of agriculture, horticulture and forestry.
This Class includes, in particular:
This Class does not include, in particular:
Legal services; security services for the physical protection of tangible property and individuals; personal and social services rendered by others to meet the needs of individuals.
This Class includes, in particular:
This Class does not include, in particular:
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